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facilities for the storage of goods - Part

The storage of goods is called the static phase logistics.

It occurs within stores storage, or where it is expected that the goods have this for a long period, ie where there is stock of goods. It is not in this case the warehouse of transit (transit point ), where the goods are not to lie for a long time: in fact it is designed to receive, sort, consolidate, and reload the goods in a short period of time.

In the case of transit points, therefore, does not require any special facilities for the keeping of goods in the case of warehouses should instead study and design specific structures for the planting of goods. These structures vary depending on the type of goods to be stored (typically in terms of weight and volume), as well as the practical necessities to the warehouse (for example, an index of accessibility to goods, frequency of access, presence of special handling equipment, etc.).

We see the different types of storage facilities, indicating the most appropriate use.

pallet racking
It 's the ideal place to manage palletized goods with high amounts of references product. Easy to manage, cheaper to install and maintain, is the most frequent, providing an excellent meeting point between performance and cost. The strengths are the operational flexibility of use and l’indice di accessibilità massimo (tutta la merce è accessibile senza doverne movimentare altra). Richiede l’utilizzo di carrelli elevatori frontali o a montante retrattile.

Scaffalature drive-in
Questo tipo di scaffalatura è la migliore soluzione per lo stoccaggio di merce pallettizzata omogenea per codice a lenta rotazione, secondo la logica di gestione stock LIFO (Last In First Out). Consente uno sfruttamento specifico dello spazio al massimo livello , garantendo d’altra parte una accessibilità massima per codice di prodotto, anche se limitata per unità di movimentazione (handling unit). Richiede l’utilizzo di carrelli elevatori frontali.

Shelving gravity
is the facility to better manage automatic rotation of units for homogeneous goods per item according to the logic of management stock FIFO (First In First Out). E 'consists of a shelf similar to that used in the drive-in lanes with the sliding roller, during the insertion of the load to the extraction point of the load. In this way the supply of new merchandise is always first, and removal from the opposite side, while the pallets are slowed down by mechanical scroll down the aisles. There is also
the variant FIFO stock management, called push-back .

We will see in the second part structures with moving parts used for the partial or total movement of cargo units.

Good logistics!

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setting method in the management of stocks

In previous post we outlined what results can be obtained from optimized inventory management, considering that they are both a cost an opportunity for the company.
In this post we look at in more detail the method to be set to do just that improvement in their management.

As is known, the main purpose of a good system of inventory management are two
- ensuring the user the existence of stock ( availability) of the necessary materials to industrial activity at the time they need;
- to minimize the volume of goods lying ( fixed assets), operating costs (inventory costs ) is to give orders to suppliers (supply costs).

These contemporary purpose in itself contradictory, can be reconciled through the combined use of specific methodologies and appropriate tools, which allow turn to act on two fronts:
- procurement plan sizing the material requirements based on statistical analysis, historical and forecast, and make the re-orders at scheduled intervals;
- manage inventory flow in logical, taking under continuous control the specific management indicators (turnover rate, minimum stock levels, supplier lead time, etc.).

The choice of the logic requirements planning depends on local factors, different type of business and process transformation, migrating from the classic model MRP (Material Requirement Planning, which puts him in line "appointments", working backward from the final date of availability and have come to define the individual initial dates of issue of supply orders) to more advanced concept of transit-flow ', resulting from the application of JIT.

Common sense teaches, however, that the first thing to do is distribution of materials for phase-cycle (raw materials, semi-finished components) and use category (consumption, import orders, spare parts, substandard items and waste, aids, etc.)..

must then determine the correct size for a single code and the values \u200b\u200bof the parameters (annual consumption, storage media, classification ABC Lead Time of supply, packaging unit, lot of supply or production level of safety stock, reorder point, etc.), according to the algorithms for calculating and accounting standard proposed by any dedicated data processing system.

should then do the balance of convenience cost opportunities.

We know that risk is inherent in every choice, including whether or not to maintain levels of precautionary basis. It is important to weigh the pros and cons of a possible decision in this regard, including through a simple estimate of the economic implications in the face of technical actions. We need to find a balance, which located at the minimum value of the sum of costs to be borne according to the level of service guarantee that requires the presence of stockpiles.

A clear example of the above can be formed by the method known as ABC matrix cross-turnover stocks , applicable to any type of Creative Commons and aims to derive a set of useful information to both calibrate the inventory management policies for reduce the value of montescorte.

In practice, classifying the revenues in accordance with the policy of the ABC-known law of Pareto, three categories of products are obtained approximately as follows:

- Class A: 20% of code accounts for 80% of the value of turnover

- class B: 30% of the number constitutes 15% of value;

- class C: the remaining 50% of the remainder is 5 % of value.

Applying the same calculation process to montescorte (value of the average stock by code) can be obtained similar to the previous three categories (A = 20% the number of codes corresponding to 80% of the value of montescorte). At this point, "crossing" the two classifications is obtained the membership of each individual code to one of nine possible combinations of class-turnover stocks, AA (Class A sales, class A stocks) to AB, AC, BA, etc.. up to DC.

It can be shown that each of the resulting membership shows very specific situations and propose solutions such as:
- Classes AA and BA close to optimal management methodology Just in Time ;
- Class AB, BB, BC: Recommended the management reorder point ;
- Class AC: recommended the elimination of the product (alternative management contract);
- classes CA and CB: requires the ongoing monitoring and systematic characteristic parameters;
- Class CC: no problem management.

should not be forgotten that the matrix is dynamic, that is variable over time. It is therefore advisable to use it periodically to check the changes of content for the class. And it is the study of these internal migrations that develop the most effective actions to improve management and stock reduction.

These considerations, always properly interpreted, always provide a hint of how to set the inventory management in real cases.

Good logistics!

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manage inventory Warehouse: Retrieve the parameters

In this and the next post we will come back on the topic of inventory management. It is a very important part in the management of logistics, and even more so in times of business efficiency research like the present.

In this post we take a broad view of what value could lead to better inventory management company, but as we shall see in the next set the method of administration, and will present a methodology for analyzing cross-sales / stocks.

In the recent past, the frequent failure of attempts to apply the method JIT (Just in Time, that is, with stocks tending to zero) to the reality of small and medium enterprises has led to the revision of the more extremist approaches. The reality has shown instead that the presence of a certain amount of stock in a company is more often than not, despite the drawbacks it entails, useful if not essential. But since cost stocks, you need a good management which ensures the best use.

is understood that any stock that is formed for a purpose other than what comes closely on the specific definition (stock = amount of material waiting for the next application, allowing the user to supply on request without waiting for production or delivery by third party vendor) or search for other benefits not subject to inventory management.

Does not accumulate to accumulate nor to create illusions of economies of scale (not necessarily true that "buy more pay less so). The only justification for the existence of a stock is the synchronization of streams deliveries to those consumption.

Very often the issue of stocks in some companies, however, the dynamics on other fronts and careful optimization of its inputs, it is surrounded by an aura of mystery. From little management "of the presence of so-called" dead "(obsolete components ) and the inevitability of 'missing' ( broken stock ) and recurrent differences inventory. In reality there is nothing mysterious and inevitable really very little, while there is a clear opportunity to regain profitability correcting the operational parameters.

is not rare in fact that the annual amount of supply of material showing close to 50% of turnover, while the average stock of inventories to be around 20% of the same. Under such conditions, savings of only 10% on these values \u200b\u200bcan have a significant, amounting to several points of gross margin business.

Sound management of supplies and stocks may and must be implemented in all companies, regardless of their size, easy to take precautions by, cheap but capable reduce logistics costs.

Good Logistics!

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Analyze profitability by correcting a logistics system - part

In the first part we have seen the distinction between the two branches of logistics, the ascending (from producer to consumer, said distribution and logistics), and descending (from consumer to producer, said logistics and Reverse Logistics reverse). Both arms
logistics can then be made according to different patterns, which are traced back to two basic concepts: the logistics network centralized and distributed logistics network.

These models differ in their basic structure, and the different location of the investments and costs. We see them in more detail.

The centralized network
It is based on the existence of a single stock (usually called Cedis, or Distribution Center), which does all of the activities of handling of goods, excluding transportation. So it
:
- receives all of the goods which will then be distributed to stores or to final customers;
- It kept them in storage;
- provides for the processing of goods (quality control, collection, packaging, kitting - ie construction of multi-product kit or packaging such as boxes, collections, etc., according to business needs);
- ensure the dispatch of the goods loaded on vehicles at the start.

destinations of shipments may be end customers, or outlets, as owned stores, a franchise network, or "retail stores (ie multi-brand retail stores).

In the case of the single centralized network storage existing transport network requires a very effective . In fact, the lesser extent of warehouses on the territory increases the performance required of the transport service. It infatti deve ovviare alle maggiori distanze esistenti tra il magazzino di partenza e il punto di consegna finale della merce. Di conseguenza, con una rete centralizzata, hanno maggiore incidenza gli investimenti e i costi di trasporto, e minore quelle legate al magazzinaggio e ai costi di tenuta delle scorte.

La rete distribuita
Essa prevede la presenza di più magazzini , in coordinamento reciproco, che servono la rete commerciale.
Spesso può esistere una gerarchia tra diversi magazzini , che ne fa prevalere uno sugli altri, ma nella sostanza, la presenza di stock di merci su tutti i magazzini, mantiene tali reti nella categoria della logistica su rete distribuita.
Questo case is unusual in reverse logistics, which is usually under a single stock return, often due to reduced volumes associated with this type of logistics, many more stores that do not justify.

In the case of distributed network, each warehouse is self provisioning, storage, processing and shipping of products in the geographic area within its jurisdiction. This allows for the availability of the product closest to the site of end use, and be charged with less phase of transport.

In case of existence of transit points, which occur only sorting the goods, without the constant presence of stocks of goods, la rete non è di tipo distribuito, ma centralizzato.
Dunque la differenza tra le due risiede nel fatto che, nella rete centralizzata lo stock di merci è concentrato nel CeDis, in quella distribuita è spalmata sui magazzini territoriali (primari o secondari).

Buona logistica!

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Analyze a logistics system - part

La logistica si compone di elementi molto vari.
Analizzare un sistema logistico serve per trovare aree di miglioramento del servizio o di ottimizzazione dei costi.

Per condurne l’analisi è necessario definire il tipo di sistema : la logistica può essere percorsa nelle due direzioni, ed essere quindi una logistica distributiva , oppure di una logistica di ritorno ( reverse logistic ).

Inoltre, la rete logistica può essere strutturata secondo due differenti modelli, alternativi: si può avere una rete logistica centralizzata, oppure una rete logistica distribuita.
Affronteremo questa distinzione nella seconda parte del post.

Vediamo più nel dettaglio le differenze tra le due direzioni della logistica: logistica distributiva e logistica di ritorno.

Logistica distributiva
Distribuisce le merci dal produttore al consumatore.
Include le fasi di:
- approvvigionamento dei prodotti dai produttori;
- lavorazione della merce in magazzino (Adding value to goods by picking, kitting, packaging, rework several);
- delivery to the sales network (directly or through to the final destination of the points of transit - transit point - the area).
drivers the most important service of the ascending branch of the logistics are represented by completeness and punctuality of deliveries .
The completeness and accuracy of deliveries to ensure different stages in the distribution of errors and therefore the compliance of items and quantities required by the downstream stages.
The on-time delivery ensures that the correct items and quantities arrive at their destination at the right time.

The level of service is so well measured by these standards of quality.

reverse logistics or reverse logistics
The descending branch of the logistics involved to recover the returns (unsold) from the sales network, and to treat them to recover value for the company.
typically includes the following phases:
- recovery and concentration in a single warehouse processing (during collection and transport);
- check for consistency between declared and made made effective: this is because the sellers may have advantages Statements made in larger quantities of the actual, to supply the "black market";
- replacement, following the check and any other work, the distribution network (in the form of promotions or discounts) or through a third party.

So in this branch the most important parameter logistic is related to quality control . Besides the ability to work should allow the market attractive again to make a product that already has remained unsold for the first time.

We'll post the second part of the distinction between centralized logistics and logistics distribution.

Good logistics!